This chapter provides a comprehensive examination of the social protection challenges faced by migrant workers amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. Through an extensive analysis of both primary and secondary sources, it delves into the profound impacts of impromptu lockdowns, abrupt job terminations, and mass repatriations on migrant workers, amplifying their vulnerabilities. Focusing on Bangladesh as a case study, the chapter unveils the deep-rooted economic, social, and systemic inequalities that disproportionately affected migrant workers throughout the pandemic. Moreover, it evaluates the initial policy responses aimed at fostering sustainable and equitable migration practices from Bangladesh. By shedding light on the inadequacies of social protection mechanisms within the South Asia-Gulf migration corridors, the findings underscore the urgent need for a reinvigorated research agenda focused on addressing specific social protection challenges. This evidence-based approach is crucial for developing effective responses to crises like the COVID-19 pandemic and safeguarding the rights and well-being of migrant workers.